Pomeranians are generally smart and feisty dogs, with a deep loyalty to their families. However, they also love to take charge and enjoy being the boss of the household, despite their small size. They are alert watchdogs, but generally aren’t aggressive even to strangers. They do have a tendency to be vocal when someone approaches their territory, but they’re all bark and no bite. 

They may be small but they love to play and have good amounts of energy. They’re companion dogs, but require their owners to reign them in as they may take over the household if rules aren’t enforced. 

They have little prey drive and tend to get along fine with other types of pets so long as proper introductions are made. A properly trained and socialized Pomeranian is a gentle and loving companion, but also an independent thinker who is good with owners of all ages and ability levels. 

Unlike many other toy breeds, Pomeranians have a moderate energy level and need regular daily exercise to prevent behavioral issues. They need around 60 minutes worth of walking or playing, or some combination of both. Pomeranians also need some time in the day to run off-leash in a secure, fenced area. Thankfully, their small size means this can be done even in an apartment. 

While Poms are descended from sled dogs and do well in cold weather, they are prone to heat exhaustion and some care should be taken when taking them out during the summer. If you notice your Pomeranian panting excessively during exercise, it’s good to let them have a break and cool down. 

It’s possible to have most of a Pomeranian’s play sessions indoors if the owner is not mobile enough to bring them outside. Poms need a good amount of mental and physical stimulation, so toys, puzzles, and games can be a good investment.  

There is a moderate amount of grooming required in owning a Pomeranian. They have a double coat with a long, straight top coat and a dense and fluffy undercoat. One interesting characteristic of their coat is the signature frill around their neck.

Pomeranians shed a moderate amount throughout the year. Like other double-coated dogs, they do shed with the changing of the seasons, which is sometimes called “blowing coat”. During this period, a Pomeranian may shed most of the fluffy undercoat, resulting in a flurry of fur that will require cleanup with a vacuum. 

Brushing your Pomeranian regularly may help to keep this shedding to a minimum. A long slicker brush is advisable to be able to get to the dense undercoat. To smooth out the top coat, a soft-bristle brush is the most common choice. 

Poms don’t need frequent baths, as they are generally very clean dogs. However, if you do bathe your Pomeranian, you should take some time to brush them beforehand to clear out any tangles and mats. Getting these tangles and mats wet may make them harder to brush out afterward. 

Despite their tiny teeth, they still need regular tooth brushing to prevent tooth and gum diseases. Nail trimming can be done once a month or so, depending on how much outdoor play your Pomeranian gets. 

Pomeranians are companion animals, but they still benefit a great deal from a regular training schedule. They are highly intelligent dogs, but they’re also independent and self-assured. Consistent and patient training will be crucial to get the best results.

Pomeranians aren’t overly sensitive animals, but still respond better to positive reinforcement and praise better than to harsh rebukes. Early training is important so your Pomeranian doesn’t learn bad habits.

Housetraining may be a challenge for some Poms due to their small bladder. This does not improve a great deal, since Pomeranians don’t grow to be very large. Cleaning up the messes they create will be important so they don’t get used to going potty inside the house. 

Pomeranians are generally healthy and can have a lifespan of up to 12 to 16 years. Pomeranians may be prone to:

• Luxating patella – a hereditary condition in which the kneecap may fall out of alignment, causing pain and weakness
• Progressive retinal atrophy – a type of degenerative disease that affects the eye
• Hypothyroidism – a disorder of the thyroid that may cause weight gain, hair less, and lethargy
• Congestive heart failure – an illness where the heart cannot pump enough blood to the body

Pomeranians are exceptionally small dogs, and will generally only weigh between 3 to 7 pounds. Most Pomeranians will only stand between 7 to 12 inches at the shoulder. 

Due to their size or lack thereof, Pomeranians are a favorite choice for people who live in apartments or smaller homes. However, they are adaptable dogs and can do just as well in larger properties. The only thing to watch out for is that Pomeranians should not be made to walk up and down stairs too much, as this may cause joint and spine issues in the long run. 

Pomeranians require some space in which to run around off-leash, but this may be accomplished in an apartment or a spare room. That being said, Pomeranians do enjoy outdoor exercise as well.